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Catalog/Calcitonin (salmon)
Peptide HormonesFDA Approved

Calcitonin (salmon)

Also known as Salmon calcitonin · Miacalcin · Fortical · sCT

A calcium-lowering hormone of the thyroid C-cells — the salmon form, far more potent than human, is used for hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease, and bone pain.

Research refreshed

Overview

Calcitonin is a 32-amino-acid hormone secreted by the thyroid’s parafollicular C-cells that lowers blood calcium — the functional opposite of parathyroid hormone. The therapeutic version is salmon calcitonin, which binds the human receptor far more potently and durably than the human peptide, a quirk of comparative endocrinology that made the fish hormone the drug of choice for hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease of bone, and osteoporosis-related bone pain.

Background

Calcitonin sits on the opposite side of calcium balance from parathyroid hormone (teriparatide, elsewhere in this catalog). PTH raises blood calcium; calcitonin lowers it by switching off the osteoclasts that dissolve bone. In normal human physiology calcitonin’s day-to-day role is relatively minor, but pharmacologically it became a useful brake on bone breakdown.

The clinically interesting fact is species. Salmon calcitonin binds the human calcitonin receptor with much higher affinity and a longer-lasting effect than human calcitonin, so the marketed drug is the fish sequence, not the human one — a rare case where another species’ hormone is the better human therapeutic. It is available as injection and as a nasal spray (Miacalcin, Fortical).

Its therapeutic niche has narrowed as more potent agents (bisphosphonates, denosumab, and the anabolic PTH analogs) took over osteoporosis, and long-term nasal-spray data raised a possible malignancy signal that tightened its labeling. Today calcitonin is mainly used short-term for hypercalcemia, for Paget’s disease, and notably for the acute bone pain of vertebral fracture, where it has a distinctive analgesic effect. It is a good example of an older hormone therapy repositioned around its remaining strengths.

Mechanism

Agonist at the calcitonin receptor (a GPCR) on osteoclasts, inhibiting bone resorption and thereby lowering serum calcium; it also increases renal calcium excretion. The net effect opposes parathyroid hormone in calcium homeostasis.

Key research findings

  • Hypercalcemia — rapidly lowers elevated serum calcium by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption; used as short-term acute therapy.
  • Paget’s disease of bone — reduces the accelerated bone turnover characteristic of the disease.
  • Osteoporotic bone pain — has a recognized analgesic effect on acute pain from vertebral compression fractures.
  • Cross-species potency — salmon calcitonin out-binds the human hormone at the human receptor, which is why the fish sequence is the drug.
  • PTH counterpoint — physiologically opposes parathyroid hormone in calcium homeostasis.

How Calcitonin (salmon) is made

Behind every vial of Calcitonin (salmon) is the same exacting pipeline every research peptide runs — but the chemistry plays out differently for this molecule. Here is how Calcitonin (salmon), specifically, is brought into being.

  1. On paper first

    On paper, Calcitonin (salmon) weighs in at roughly 3,431.9 daltons. Before a single bond is made, the target sequence, salt form, and purity threshold are written down as the contract the finished material must meet.

  2. Built residue by residue

    Calcitonin (salmon)'s chain is short but unusual — it carries non-natural residues that help it resist enzymatic breakdown, but demand specialized, costlier building blocks and careful coupling on the synthesizer. It also carries a disulfide bridge, an extra step beyond a plain chain that adds both capability and cost.

  3. Purity is won here

    The crude mixture — Calcitonin (salmon) plus its deletions and side products — is then separated on preparative HPLC, and where the cut is taken decides the difference between a genuinely pure peptide and a barely-passable one.

  4. Proven, then protected

    A real batch of Calcitonin (salmon) proves itself: identity confirmed by mass spectrometry against its ~3,431.9 Da, purity read directly off an analytical HPLC trace, water and counterion content measured. That batch-specific certificate of analysis is the only honest way to know what is actually in a vial of Calcitonin (salmon) — and a short, cold, accountable chain of custody is how that purity survives the trip to your bench.

Walk the full synthesis pipeline

Handling, storage & why purity is hard

A 32-residue chain with an N-terminal 1–7 disulfide ring and a C-terminal amide — long by solid-phase standards and prone to on-resin aggregation, so it demands careful coupling, pseudoproline/backbone-protection strategy, and a controlled oxidation step to set the disulfide cleanly. Notably the manufacturing target is the salmon sequence, not the human one, because it binds the human receptor far more potently: a case where pharmacology, not species, dictates what you synthesize. Purity is dominated by deletion sequences and disulfide isomers.

Don't judge a vial by its cake. A fluffy, good-looking lyophilized powder reflects bulking agents and freeze-drying parameters — not purity. Insist on a batch-specific certificate of analysis.

How peptides are made — the full pipeline

Research areas

  • Hypercalcemia
  • Paget’s disease
  • Osteoporosis
  • Calcium regulation
  • Peptide hormones

Research-area guides

Latest research

Recent clinical trials and publications mentioning Calcitonin, pulled automatically from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed and refreshed daily. Listings are unfiltered search results, not curated endorsements.

Frequently asked questions

What does calcitonin do?+

It lowers blood calcium by inhibiting the osteoclasts that break down bone — the functional opposite of parathyroid hormone. As a drug it is used for hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease, and certain bone pain.

Why is salmon calcitonin used instead of the human hormone?+

Salmon calcitonin binds the human calcitonin receptor more potently and for longer than human calcitonin, making the fish version the more effective therapeutic.

Is calcitonin still widely used?+

Less than it once was. More potent bone agents have taken over much of osteoporosis care, and long-term nasal-spray safety data tightened its labeling, so it is now mostly used short-term for hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease, and acute fracture pain.

Is this medical advice?+

No — this is a research and educational reference, not dosing guidance.

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