# Pramlintide > The stabilized amylin analog — three prolines that stop native amylin from aggregating, turning the beta cell’s second satiety hormone into an injectable diabetes drug. - Also known as: Symlin, AC-137, Tripro-amylin, Amylin analog - Class: Metabolic, Peptide Hormones - FDA approved: Yes - Canonical page: https://americanpeptide.com/catalog/pramlintide ## Overview Pramlintide (Symlin) is a synthetic analog of amylin, the hormone co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cell. Native human amylin is too aggregation-prone to formulate, so pramlintide substitutes proline at positions 25, 28 and 29 — swaps that block the β-sheet stacking without losing receptor activity. The result is the first approved amylin-receptor agonist: a mealtime add-on to insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes that slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, and curbs appetite. Amylin is insulin’s co-secreted partner, but native human amylin cannot be bottled: it misfolds into the islet amyloid found in type 2 diabetes, aggregating on the resin and in solution. Pramlintide is the engineering answer — three proline substitutions (Ala25, Ser28, Ser29 → Pro) that break the amyloid-forming β-sheet while preserving amylin’s biology, giving a soluble, shelf-stable analog. Approved in 2005 as Symlin, pramlintide is given before meals alongside insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, where it blunts post-meal glucose spikes and modestly aids weight control — the parts of glucose regulation insulin alone handles poorly. Pramlintide is the proof of concept for the whole amylin class. Its short duration made it a three-times-daily injection, which limited uptake, but it validated the amylin receptor as a satiety target — the opening that longer-acting analogs such as cagrilintide (profiled separately) now exploit at the front of obesity drug development. ## Mechanism Amylin-receptor agonism (a calcitonin-receptor core complexed with RAMP subunits). Slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon, and acts centrally to reduce food intake — complementing, not duplicating, injected insulin. ## Chemistry | Property | Value | | --- | --- | | Molecular formula | C171H267N51O53S2 | | Molecular weight | 3949.4 Da | | CAS number | 151126-32-8 | | PubChem CID | [70691388](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70691388) | | UniProt | [P10997](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P10997) | ## Sequence ``` KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTY (2–7 disulfide, C-terminal amide) ``` ## Research areas Studied in: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Obesity, Satiety signaling, Peptide hormones. Guides on this site: - [Weight Loss & Metabolic Health](https://americanpeptide.com/research-areas/weight-loss): Incretin and metabolic peptides studied for glycemic control and fat loss. - [Peptide Hormone Synthesis](https://americanpeptide.com/research-areas/peptide-hormones): How hormone sequences are turned into pure, stable, manufacturable synthetic drugs. ## Key research - First approved amylin analog — the proline-substituted, soluble form of human amylin (Symlin, 2005), used with mealtime insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. - Anti-aggregation design — Ala25/Ser28/Ser29 → Pro break the β-sheet stacking that makes native amylin amyloidogenic and un-formulable. - Glucose control — slows gastric emptying and suppresses postprandial glucagon, blunting post-meal spikes that insulin alone controls poorly. - Weight — modest weight loss in trials; it validated amylin-receptor agonism as a satiety mechanism now central to the obesity pipeline. - Class opener — its short half-life drove development of long-acting analogs (cagrilintide) that pair with GLP-1 drugs for larger effects. ## Storage, handling & synthesis **Synthesis.** Pramlintide is amylin re-engineered for manufacturability: the 2–7-disulfide, C-terminally amidated 37-mer with Ala25/Ser28/Ser29 → Pro. The three prolines deliberately break the β-sheet stacking that makes native amylin aggregate on the resin, so pramlintide is markedly easier to make and purify than amylin itself, though the disulfide and C-terminal amide still set the quality bar. ## FAQs ### What is pramlintide? Pramlintide (Symlin) is a synthetic amylin analog with three proline substitutions that prevent the aggregation of native human amylin, making it stable enough to inject as a mealtime add-on to insulin. ### How does it differ from amylin? It is human amylin with Ala25, Ser28 and Ser29 each replaced by proline — changes that block amyloid formation while keeping amylin-receptor activity. ### How does it relate to cagrilintide? Both are amylin-receptor agonists. Pramlintide is the short-acting, approved diabetes drug; cagrilintide is a long-acting analog developed for obesity, often paired with a GLP-1 agonist. ### Is this medical advice? No — this is a research and educational reference, not dosing guidance. ## Latest research Recent trials and publications mentioning Pramlintide, pulled automatically from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed (unfiltered search results, refreshed daily). ### Recent trials - [Postprandial Regulation of Bone Perfusion in Healthy Individuals](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07679516) — NOT_YET_RECRUITING · NA · NCT07679516 - [Two Way Crossover Closed Loop Study Insulin vs Insulin and Pramlintide](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06422325) — COMPLETED · NA · NCT06422325 - [Multi-Center Development of a Novel Diagnostic Test for Alzheimer's Disease](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03560960) — ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · EARLY_PHASE1 · NCT03560960 - [Tailoring Obesity Treatment Trial](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06619015) — WITHDRAWN · PHASE2, PHASE3 · NCT06619015 - [Pancreatic Polypeptide as a Modulator of Amylin- Induced Satiety in Healthy Humans](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07506369) — RECRUITING · NA · NCT07506369 - [Hypersensitivity to Amylin in Post-Traumatic Headache](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07340775) — NOT_YET_RECRUITING · NA · NCT07340775 --- Source: AmericanPeptide.com — https://americanpeptide.com/catalog/pramlintide Data license: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution: AmericanPeptide.com. Research reference only — computational and educational content, not medical advice.